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    This discussion sounds like discussions 20 years go regarding PL on
    a repeater, it's too hard to solder in a pl board.<br>
    <br>
    Even the basic security books on Unix long before Linux discuss root
    and security.  Root should never be exposed to the outside world,
    you also have to do as much to protect it from the inside as many
    exploits come from someone getting inside user credentials.  <br>
    <br>
    basic security says.. <br>
    1) don't expose anything you don't absolutely have to<br>
    2) keep your software up to date, especially the system. <br>
    3) anyone running a server should be trained.<br>
    <br>
    Fail to ban...  "just means attack slowly"<br>
    exposing 22 "says please try me"<br>
    putting ssh on another port simply "says scan me", scripts do this
    all the time.<br>
    it goes on and on.. <br>
    <br>
    I personally use tunnels from my machine to my server, and tunnels
    are restricted not only by certificates, they are also restricted to
    IP address's they can come from.  Ports open to critical
    applications should be run at a minimum in a chroot environment.  <br>
    The basic asterisk installation needs more work than just spinning
    up the disk to get it securely installed.   It is not possible to
    logon to any one of my servers with a password.  <br>
    <br>
    We even have developers who say if you are behind a fire wall at
    your house you should be secure..  pure poppycock.. <br>
    <br>
    So any system that intentionally exposes root, or you can't easily
    update the base system is "broken by design"  kinda like Windows
    stuff (not just my oppinion) <br>
    <br>
    The internet is not a friendly place, it was 30 years ago, but has
    not been friendly for the last 25+ years ago.. anyone who just plugs
    in to the internet with an unprotected server is adding to the
    problem.  Bad server security is worse than the worst repeater
    curchunker cause the exploit is silent, you don't know it is
    happening unless YOU know what you are doing, watching logs etc.. 
    you are keeping spammers in business... <br>
    <br>
    Some think they are secure because the only thing their server runs
    is asterisk, till someone gets root, installs a mail server, and
    spams the world for years.. or they change ssh.conf and allow ssh
    out, (which is open by default and should be closed on
    installation)  so now they are using your server or small Raspberry
    Pi to attack the rest of the internet using your IP address..  it
    happens all the time guys..  In fact one of the biggest security
    exploits going today is getting someone to plug in a Pi from unknown
    origin into someone's internal network..  read "Penetration Testing
    with Raspberry Pi" by Muntz & Lakhani.  Bad buys are sending out
    Pi's by the hundreds to large companies, hoping someone will plug it
    into the local network to see what it is.. it's then game over for
    many small companies without knowledgeable sysadmins. <br>
    <br>
    If you don't want to learn basic security, it's your machine, it's
    your problem, basic security is not hard to learn, but doesn't come
    from an installation disk any more than understanding ham radio
    comes from memorizing the test.  Don't ask developers to keep it
    easy for you just because you don't want learn basic security, if
    developers do it for you, they are bad developers, shame on them.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    My .02 cents... with a constant internet connection since 1978.. 
    Fred<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 10/5/15 10:36 PM, Stacy wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:561333B6.8000501@arrl.net" type="cite">
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      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Same difference. :)<br>
        <br>
        <br>
        On 10/05/2015 07:30 PM, Loren Tedford wrote:<br>
      </div>
      <blockquote
cite="mid:CAK=eTygi2uR8RarcFurDi1B0rJsofAf+zgYbMT-5_5TGesSBLg@mail.gmail.com"
        type="cite">
        <div dir="ltr">Personally I use Fail2ban 
          <div><br>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all">
          <div>
            <div class="gmail_signature">
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div>
                  <div dir="ltr">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <div dir="ltr">
                        <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Loren

                          Tedford (KC9ZHV) <br>
                          Email: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:lorentedford@gmail.com"
                            style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank">lorentedford@gmail.com</a></div>
                        <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Main

                          Line:1-631-686-8878 Option 1 for Loren.</div>
                        <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Fax

                          Line 1:1-618-551-2755</div>
                        <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Fax

                          Line 2:1-631-686-8892 (New Fax line)</div>
                        <div><font face="arial" size="2">Cell:
                            618-553-0806</font><br>
                        </div>
                        <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                            href="http://www.lorentedford.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.lorentedford.com">http://www.lorentedford.com</a></a></div>
                        <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                            href="http://www.kc9zhv.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.kc9zhv.com">http://www.kc9zhv.com</a></a></div>
                        <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                            href="http://hub.kc9zhv.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://hub.kc9zhv.com">http://hub.kc9zhv.com</a></a></div>
                      </div>
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          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Oct 5, 2015 at 9:06 PM, Stacy
            <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:kg7qin@arrl.net" target="_blank">kg7qin@arrl.net</a>></span>
            wrote:<br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <div>Certificates, two-factor authentication and
                  something like ssh-guard set to block on the first
                  three attempts with a really really long block
                  threshold.  <br>
                  <span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"> <br>
                      Stacy<br>
                      KG7QIN</font></span>
                  <div>
                    <div class="h5"><br>
                      <br>
                      On 10/05/2015 02:57 PM, Steven Donegan wrote:<br>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div class="h5">
                    <blockquote type="cite">
                      <div
                        style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue-Light,Helvetica

                        Neue Light,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida
                        Grande,sans-serif;font-size:16px">Using
                        certificates for ssh is yet another method :-) <br>
                        <div><span></span></div>
                        <div> </div>
                        <div>Steven Donegan<br>
                          KK6IVC General Class FCC License<br>
                          Silver State Car #86<br>
                          <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="http://www.sscc.us" target="_blank">www.sscc.us</a></div>
                        <br>
                        <div
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                          Neue Light,Helvetica
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                          <div
                            style="font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica
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                              <hr size="1"> <font face="Arial" size="2">
                                <b><span style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b>
                                Bryan D. Boyle <a
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:bdboyle@bdboyle.com"
                                  target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:bdboyle@bdboyle.com"><bdboyle@bdboyle.com></a></a><br>
                                <b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b>
                                Steven Donegan <a
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:donegan@donegan.org"
                                  target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:donegan@donegan.org"><donegan@donegan.org></a></a>
                                <br>
                                <b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b>
                                Steve Zingman <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:szingman@msgstor.com"
                                  target="_blank"><szingman@msgstor.com></a>;
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org"
                                  target="_blank">"app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org"</a>
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org"
                                  target="_blank"><app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org></a>
                                <br>
                                <b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
                                Monday, October 5, 2015 2:49 PM<br>
                                <b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b>
                                Re: [App_rpt-users] New Official Allstar
                                Distribution Released (DIAL)<br>
                              </font> </div>
                            <div><br>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>Using a jump box as you describe
                                    is one way...not allowing SSH from
                                    the outside adds a layer; setting up
                                    a secue VDI capability to the
                                    jumpbox over a vpn is yet a third
                                    way...;). </div>
                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                  </div>
                                  <div>my rule: if it's exposed to the
                                    net, it's potentially vulnerable. 
                                    Just turn on your SIP port and pop
                                    some popcorn to see...;)<br
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                                    <br clear="none">
                                    --
                                    <div>Bryan</div>
                                    <div>Sent from my iPhone 5.<span
                                        style="font-size:13pt">..No
                                        electrons were harmed in the
                                        sending of this message.</span></div>
                                    <div><br clear="none">
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                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                  <div><br>
                                    <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div><br clear="none">
                                      On Oct 5, 2015, at 17:39, Steven
                                      Donegan <<a
                                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                                        class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:donegan@donegan.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:donegan@donegan.org">donegan@donegan.org</a></a>> wrote:<br
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                                      <br clear="none">
                                    </div>
                                    <blockquote type="cite">
                                      <div>
                                        <div
                                          style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue-Light,Helvetica

                                          Neue Light,Helvetica
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                                          <div>Direct root login being
                                            disallowed IF there were no
                                            other way to get full root
                                            privileges (not the case
                                            here) was considered best
                                            practice. However in almost
                                            every case there is a user
                                            (on Raspbian user pi) that
                                            can simply login, sudo -s
                                            and do whatever they want.
                                            Yes it puts up a small
                                            hurdle but I don't see it as
                                            a serious one.</div>
                                          <div><br clear="none">
                                          </div>
                                          <div>In short, there is almost
                                            no setup that will allow you
                                            to completely lock out root
                                            with the exception of a few
                                            well designed appliances.
                                            And that means someone is
                                            out there doing support to
                                            get things resolved. This
                                            system is not of that flavor
                                            and root is necessary for
                                            many things so frankly
                                            adding a hurdle or two
                                            really doesn't appreciably
                                            make the system more secure.</div>
                                          <div><br clear="none">
                                          </div>
                                          <div>Require a long pass
                                            phrase (say 20 mixed
                                            characters or so) and this
                                            whole thing is moot...</div>
                                          <div><br clear="none">
                                          </div>
                                          <div>And BTW - putting sshd on
                                            port 222 (or anything except
                                            22) is security by obscurity
                                            - many tools can find
                                            standard protocols on
                                            non-standard ports :-) (I
                                            know, I wrote one)<br
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                                          </div>
                                          <div><br clear="none">
                                          </div>
                                          <div>The best bet is to not
                                            allow ssh at all. If that is
                                            not feasible then do the su
                                            or sudo thing and/or set up
                                            an intermediate system such
                                            that you access a
                                            non-privileged account on
                                            system A, then ssh to system
                                            B and system B will ONLY
                                            accept ssh from system A.
                                            Still can be beaten but it
                                            is a bit harder...</div>
                                          <div><br clear="none">
                                          </div>
                                          <div>And BTW - I have done
                                            infosec for about 20 years
                                            so I am allowed to have an
                                            opinion on this topic :-)<br
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                                          </div>
                                          <div><span></span></div>
                                          <div> </div>
                                          <div>Steven Donegan<br
                                              clear="none">
                                            KK6IVC General Class FCC
                                            License<br clear="none">
                                            Silver State Car #86<br
                                              clear="none">
                                            <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              rel="nofollow"
                                              shape="rect"
                                              href="http://www.sscc.us/"
                                              target="_blank">www.sscc.us</a></div>
                                          <br clear="none">
                                          <div
                                            style="font-family:HelveticaNeue-Light,Helvetica
                                            Neue Light,Helvetica
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Grande,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
                                            <div
                                              style="font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica
Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida
Grande,sans-serif;font-size:16px">
                                              <div dir="ltr">
                                                <hr size="1"> <font
                                                  face="Arial" size="2">
                                                  <b><span
                                                      style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b>
                                                  Steve Zingman <<a
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:szingman@msgstor.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:szingman@msgstor.com">szingman@msgstor.com</a></a>><br
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                                                  <b><span
                                                      style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b>
                                                  "<a
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org">app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org</a></a>"
                                                  <<a
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org">app_rpt-users@ohnosec.org</a></a>>


                                                  <br clear="none">
                                                  <b><span
                                                      style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
                                                  Monday, October 5,
                                                  2015 2:24 PM<br
                                                    clear="none">
                                                  <b><span
                                                      style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b>
                                                  [App_rpt-users] New
                                                  Official Allstar
                                                  Distribution Released
                                                  (DIAL)<br clear="none">
                                                </font> </div>
                                              <div><br clear="none">
                                                <div>
                                                  <div> </div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <pre style="white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px">Dave,
Let's say I agree with you. And I well may.
On most internet exposed machines, I don't even allow ssh unless I trust your address or require a VPN. 
I agree is common practice to not allow it.
Now the question is why?

As John McLaughlin would say, DISCUSS!

On 10/05/2015 08:40 AM, Steve Zingman wrote:
><i> root login via SSH is now allowed
</i>
> This is a bad idea.  Root should *never* be allowed to login to a system 
> remotely.  It's better to log in as a normal user and then become root 
> via su, sudo, etc.

> - Dave


</pre>
                                                    <br clear="none">
                                                    <pre>-- 
"Anything is possible if you don't know what you are talking about."
1st Law of Logic</pre>
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                                                <div>_______________________________________________<br
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                                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                                                    href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a></a>
                                                  and scroll down to the
                                                  bottom of the page.
                                                  Enter your email
                                                  address and press the
                                                  "Unsubscribe or edit
                                                  options button"<br
                                                    clear="none">
                                                  You do not need a
                                                  password to
                                                  unsubscribe, you can
                                                  do it via email
                                                  confirmation. If you
                                                  have trouble
                                                  unsubscribing, please
                                                  send a message to the
                                                  list detailing the
                                                  problem. </div>
                                                <br clear="none">
                                                <br clear="none">
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                  </div>
                                  <blockquote type="cite">
                                    <div><span>_______________________________________________</span><br
                                        clear="none">
                                      <span>App_rpt-users mailing list</span><br
                                        clear="none">
                                      <span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                          rel="nofollow" shape="rect"
                                          href="mailto:App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org"
                                          target="_blank">App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org</a></span><br
                                        clear="none">
                                      <span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                          rel="nofollow" shape="rect"
                                          href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users"
                                          target="_blank">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a></span><br
                                        clear="none">
                                      <span></span><br clear="none">
                                      <span>To unsubscribe from this
                                        list please visit <a
                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                                          class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a></a>
                                        and scroll down to the bottom of
                                        the page. Enter your email
                                        address and press the
                                        "Unsubscribe or edit options
                                        button"</span><br clear="none">
                                      <span>You do not need a password
                                        to unsubscribe, you can do it
                                        via email confirmation. If you
                                        have trouble unsubscribing,
                                        please send a message to the
                                        list detailing the problem. </span></div>
                                  </blockquote>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <br>
                              <br>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <br>
                      <fieldset></fieldset>
                      <br>
                      <pre>_______________________________________________
App_rpt-users mailing list
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org" target="_blank">App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org</a>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users" target="_blank">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a>

To unsubscribe from this list please visit <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users" target="_blank">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a> and scroll down to the bottom of the page. Enter your email address and press the "Unsubscribe or edit options button"
You do not need a password to unsubscribe, you can do it via email confirmation. If you have trouble unsubscribing, please send a message to the list detailing the problem. </pre>
                    </blockquote>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
              <br>
              _______________________________________________<br>
              App_rpt-users mailing list<br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org">App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org</a><br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users"
                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a><br>
              <br>
              To unsubscribe from this list please visit <a
                moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a></a>
              and scroll down to the bottom of the page. Enter your
              email address and press the "Unsubscribe or edit options
              button"<br>
              You do not need a password to unsubscribe, you can do it
              via email confirmation. If you have trouble unsubscribing,
              please send a message to the list detailing the problem. <br>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br>
        </div>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
      <br>
      -- <br>
      This message has been scanned for viruses and
      <br>
      dangerous content by
      <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.mailscanner.info/"><b>MailScanner</b></a>,
      and is
      <br>
      believed to be clean.
      <br>
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
App_rpt-users mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org">App_rpt-users@ohnosec.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a>

To unsubscribe from this list please visit <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users">http://ohnosec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/app_rpt-users</a> and scroll down to the bottom of the page. Enter your email address and press the "Unsubscribe or edit options button"
You do not need a password to unsubscribe, you can do it via email confirmation. If you have trouble unsubscribing, please send a message to the list detailing the problem. </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Fred Moore
email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:fred@fmeco.com">fred@fmeco.com</a>
       <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:fred@safes.com">fred@safes.com</a>
phone:  321-217-8699
</pre>
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